Simon Billinge, a senior scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy’s
Brookhaven National Laboratory, has been named a recipient of the Centre for
Powder Diffraction’s 2010 J. D. Hanawalt Award, along with his collaborator
and former advisor, Takeshi Egami of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
The award is given every three years for an important contribution to the field
of x-ray powder diffraction, a scientific technique that uses x-rays to probe
the structure of materials made of tiny crystals forming a powder.
Named after the late J.D. Hanawalt, a pioneering crystallographer who developed
a powder diffraction database in the 1930s that is still in use today, the award
consists of a citation and a gift of $1,000. Billinge received the award at
the Centre for Powder Diffraction’s 59th annual Denver X-ray Conference
on August 4.
Simon Billinge
“I am pleased to be chosen for this award, along with Takeshi Egami,”
Billinge said. “Together we have made developments to a technique called
the atomic pair distribution function method, allowing it to be used to study
the structure of complex materials on the nanoscale, with a range of a few hundred
to a few thousand atoms.”
Using this method, scientists mathematically calculate the probability of two
atoms being separated by a certain distance, and then compare that to distances
in real materials using short-wavelength x-rays at a synchrotron. This can yield
precise atomic coordinates revealing the nanoscale structure of the material.
Knowing exactly where each atom in a nanomaterial is located in this way helps
scientists to precisely tailor the material’s properties for its intended
use.
Such detailed measurements are applied to the study of the properties of diverse
materials of interest, for example, in energy, catalysis, environmental remediation,
and pharmaceuticals research. At Brookhaven, the focus is on the role of nanoscale
fluctuations in strongly correlated electron materials, which include a wide
range of materials that have unusual electronic and magnetic properties that
are often useful. This class of materials includes superconductors, materials
that carry current with no resistance at very low temperatures, so that no energy
is lost in transmission. Scientists’ key challenge is to develop superconductors
at temperatures that make them practical in real world situations.
Billinge earned a B.A. in materials science from Oxford University in 1986
and a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from the University of Pennsylvania
in 1992. He was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Energy’s
Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1992 to 1994, and joined Michigan State
University as an assistant professor of physics in 1994, rising through the
ranks to become a professor in 2003. In 2008, he accepted a joint appointment
as a senior scientist at Brookhaven Lab and a professor of materials science,
applied physics, and applied math at Columbia University.
A Fellow of the American Physical Society and a former Alfred P. Sloan Research
Fellow, Billinge has won numerous awards for his work, including the Electro-science
Laboratories Award and Sigma Xi Outstanding Thesis Award, both in 1992; the
Thomas H. Osgood Undergraduate Teaching Award in 1998; Michigan State University
College of Natural Science’s Distinguished Faculty Award in 2006; and
the university’s Distinguished Faculty Award in 2007.