A narrative review of two decades of nanotoxicology research shows how particle size, surface chemistry, protein corona formation, exposure conditions, and environmental transformations can shape the biological and ecological effects of nanomaterials. The authors highlight the growing role of AI and machine learning in predictive nanosafety while stressing that standardized testing, high-quality datasets, realistic exposure models, and harmonized regulation remain essential.
The review examined nanoparticle applications in aquaculture from 2020 to early 2026, including antimicrobial treatments, targeted drug and vaccine delivery, disease diagnostics, water remediation, and post-harvest applications. While nanoparticles could improve fish health, water quality, and production efficiency, the authors emphasized that many applications remain experimental and require further field testing and nanoparticle-specific safety assessments.
Biomass-derived green nanomaterials offer a renewable approach to removing persistent pollutants through adsorption, catalytic degradation, and redox reactions while reducing reliance on hazardous synthesis chemicals. The review reports promising removal efficiencies for heavy metals, dyes, and pesticides but highlights unresolved challenges involving scalability, real-world performance, reusability, environmental fate, and nanotoxicity.
Researchers developed magnetically driven 2D MXene microrobots that capture and retrieve PS and PET microplastics from laboratory water and soil samples. In 60-minute tests, the microrobots removed up to 94.0% of microplastics from water and 80.6% from soil, but nickel leakage and incomplete recovery require further study.
A systematic review of 212 studies linked experimental exposure to microplastics and nanoparticles to oxidative stress, impaired growth and reproduction, and increased mortality across biological models. Smaller particles, higher concentrations, and polystyrene were associated with stronger effects, although laboratory conditions and limited human evidence restrict conclusions about real-world health risks.
Scientists reported the first evidence of nanoplastics in mainland Antarctic soil, detecting multiple polymers in samples from the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The findings suggest Antarctica’s remote terrestrial ecosystems are exposed to plastic contamination from local sources and long-range atmospheric transport.
This review proposes eco-nanozymology as a framework for designing nanozymes that act as catalytic regulators in energy conversion, pollutant degradation, biomass valorization, and biogeochemical cycling. It highlights progress in nanozyme design while emphasizing that real-world safety, environmental fate, scalability, and regulatory oversight remain major challenges.
Researchers developed a semi-quantitative probability-impact framework to prioritize engineered nanoparticles and micro/nanoplastics in agri-food systems based on exposure potential, toxicity evidence, and uncertainty. Across weighting scenarios, silver, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, carbon nanotubes, cerium dioxide, and copper oxide emerged as high-priority particles for targeted monitoring and refined toxicological assessment.
This study reveals how silver-coated microrobots use photocatalysis and motion to achieve significant antibiotic degradation in water treatment applications.
Evolving toxicity assessments for engineered nanoparticles underline the importance of predictive models and life-cycle risk evaluation.
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