This review develops an integrative framework for nanomeritics, the systematic characterization of pharmaceutical particles and structures of roughly 5 to 1000 nm, with particular attention to how size, morphology, surface properties, and biological interactions shape nanoparticle behavior. It argues for orthogonal measurement strategies that combine methods such as DLS, electron microscopy, NTA, and AF4 while also examining how nanoparticles change in biological environments.
Researchers built an InSb-lithium niobate acoustoelectric current source that converts RF-driven surface acoustic waves directly into DC, with a wired output tunable from 1.22 nA to 25.46 µA and stable operation over 12 hours. The same platform also operated under wireless RF excitation and was tested for low-current stimulation in a rat wound model, although its RF-to-DC efficiency remains far below that of conventional rectifiers.
This review examined 27 recent studies on essential-oil nanoemulsions incorporated into biopolymer coatings and films for active food packaging, focusing on barrier properties, antimicrobial activity, sensory effects, and controlled release. The evidence shows that performance depends strongly on nanoemulsion concentration, polymer composition, and formulation design, while scale-up, safety, regulation, and consumer acceptance remain important practical challenges.
The review compares nanofillers, POSS molecular hybrids, antimicrobial materials, and structural color as ways to improve wear resistance, limit biofouling, and produce pigment-free color. It distinguishes diamond-wear coatings already in commercial service from self-polishing antifouling paints and structural-color finishes that require independent validation, while identifying production consistency, durability, safety, and cost as barriers to wider adoption.
DNA–protein hydrogels extend DNA nanotechnology from precisely organized nanoscale structures into dynamic soft materials that combine molecular recognition, catalysis, responsiveness, and tunable mechanical properties. The Perspective identifies a major challenge in predicting how DNA sequence, network architecture, and protein incorporation translate into material behaviour across molecular, network, and macroscopic scales.
Researchers engineered DNA double-crossover tiles with precisely controlled hydrophobic segments, allowing the balance between DNA base pairing and hydrophobic association to determine the order of nanoscale assembly. Shorter hydrophobic chains favored star-like structures, while longer chains produced crosslinked spherical nucleic acids with enhanced biological stability and annealing-driven self-sorting.
Researchers converted sawdust into cellulose particles and tested them across water retention, barley growth, synthetic dye removal, and wound healing in mice. The results showed application-specific effects: sawdust retained the most water; clay plus nanocellulose supported strong barley growth; both materials decolorized selected dyes; and nanocellulose-treated wounds showed promising closure patterns that warrant further preclinical study.
Organic-based nanoplatforms are emerging as promising theranostic systems that combine diagnostic imaging with targeted treatment while addressing concerns about the persistence and toxicity of some inorganic nanomaterials. The review shows how molecular composition and nanoscale structure shape drug loading, targeting, imaging, therapeutic activity, biodegradation, and clinical potential across self-assembled, polymeric, lipid-based, carbon-based, and hybrid systems.
A review of cellulose nanomaterial-based electrospun membranes finds that nanocellulose can increase mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, permeability, fouling resistance, and contaminant-removal capabilities across several water-treatment designs. The authors also examine solvent choice, hydraulic stability, manufacturing scale-up, life-cycle impacts, and the practical requirements for moving these membranes beyond laboratory studies.
A comprehensive review examined how nanomaterials could protect healthy tissues from radiation damage through targeted drug delivery, reactive oxygen species scavenging, anti-inflammatory activity, and physical radiation shielding. Although experimental studies show promising protection across several tissues and organ systems, most approaches remain preclinical, with long-term safety, biodistribution, scalability, and selective protection of healthy tissue still requiring investigation.
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