The review compares nanofillers, POSS molecular hybrids, antimicrobial materials, and structural color as ways to improve wear resistance, limit biofouling, and produce pigment-free color. It distinguishes diamond-wear coatings already in commercial service from self-polishing antifouling paints and structural-color finishes that require independent validation, while identifying production consistency, durability, safety, and cost as barriers to wider adoption.
DNA–protein hydrogels extend DNA nanotechnology from precisely organized nanoscale structures into dynamic soft materials that combine molecular recognition, catalysis, responsiveness, and tunable mechanical properties. The Perspective identifies a major challenge in predicting how DNA sequence, network architecture, and protein incorporation translate into material behaviour across molecular, network, and macroscopic scales.
Researchers engineered DNA double-crossover tiles with precisely controlled hydrophobic segments, allowing the balance between DNA base pairing and hydrophobic association to determine the order of nanoscale assembly. Shorter hydrophobic chains favored star-like structures, while longer chains produced crosslinked spherical nucleic acids with enhanced biological stability and annealing-driven self-sorting.
Researchers converted sawdust into cellulose particles and tested them across water retention, barley growth, synthetic dye removal, and wound healing in mice. The results showed application-specific effects: sawdust retained the most water; clay plus nanocellulose supported strong barley growth; both materials decolorized selected dyes; and nanocellulose-treated wounds showed promising closure patterns that warrant further preclinical study.
Organic-based nanoplatforms are emerging as promising theranostic systems that combine diagnostic imaging with targeted treatment while addressing concerns about the persistence and toxicity of some inorganic nanomaterials. The review shows how molecular composition and nanoscale structure shape drug loading, targeting, imaging, therapeutic activity, biodegradation, and clinical potential across self-assembled, polymeric, lipid-based, carbon-based, and hybrid systems.
A review of cellulose nanomaterial-based electrospun membranes finds that nanocellulose can increase mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, permeability, fouling resistance, and contaminant-removal capabilities across several water-treatment designs. The authors also examine solvent choice, hydraulic stability, manufacturing scale-up, life-cycle impacts, and the practical requirements for moving these membranes beyond laboratory studies.
A comprehensive review examined how nanomaterials could protect healthy tissues from radiation damage through targeted drug delivery, reactive oxygen species scavenging, anti-inflammatory activity, and physical radiation shielding. Although experimental studies show promising protection across several tissues and organ systems, most approaches remain preclinical, with long-term safety, biodistribution, scalability, and selective protection of healthy tissue still requiring investigation.
Researchers developed a multilayer MCOF@Au@PEI nanomaterial that captures bacteria, converts near-infrared light into heat, and can be magnetically recovered and reused after treatment. In laboratory tests, the material achieved complete plate-count sterilization of E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium in experimentally contaminated milk and drinking water within 435 seconds, while also disrupting established biofilms.
The review examined nanoparticle applications in aquaculture from 2020 to early 2026, including antimicrobial treatments, targeted drug and vaccine delivery, disease diagnostics, water remediation, and post-harvest applications. While nanoparticles could improve fish health, water quality, and production efficiency, the authors emphasized that many applications remain experimental and require further field testing and nanoparticle-specific safety assessments.
Researchers showed that surface chemistry directs two types of diblock copolymer nanoparticles into separate core and near-surface regions of growing calcite crystals. Calcium-dependent colloidal stability and polymer–mineral interactions also enabled sequential nanoparticle release during acid-triggered crystal dissolution.
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